Poachers, she knew, prioritized elephants with the largest tusks. In 1989, when elephant ethologist Joyce Poole began carrying out surveys of three East African elephant populations to understand the impact that heavy poaching was having on them, she quickly noted several stark trends. Meat Only: 19 b. Tusks Only: 75 c. Meat and Tusks: 27 4. Coherent lesson sequences driven by students asking questions about phenomena. 7. Using those samples, they identified candidate regions in the genome that, when mutated, seemed to explain tusklessness and its apparent male lethality. Propose a claim supported by scientific evidence to answer a research question. This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. After creating an account, educators can save and organize their favorite BioInteractive resources and discover recommendations tailored to their interests. For context, this course consisted of a three-credit lecture and a one-credit lab. Suggest some ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed each year. Learning Objectives & Practices: ERT-2.A, ERT-2.H, EIN-4.C, SP5, SP6, ELA.RST.9-12.7, ELA.WHST.9-12.1 These changes came with enormous cost to the overall genetic health of these declining populations., Ultimately, Campbell-Staton says, the study speaks to the ubiquity of the human footprint as an evolutionary force., There is some good news, however. 2. This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. Introduction Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosome a genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. This interactive module explores the phases, checkpoints, and protein regulators of the cell cycle. Genetics Evolution Scientific Skills & Literacy Scientists at Work High School General High School AP/IB College In this video, biologist Shane Campbell-Staton walks through the steps of collecting DNA samples from elephants in Gorongosa National Park and how he plans to analyze their DNA sequences.For more information and related materials, visit HHMI BioInteractive:https://www.biointeractive.org/classroom-resources/genetics-tusklessness-elephants Explain how the selective pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes. But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. Such a deep genetic understanding of complex evolutionary changes in large free-ranging animals would have been unobtainable just a few years ago.. If you're interested in using facilitated discussions to promote scientific literacy and empower students to make evidence-based decisions, this article from professor Holly Basta details how she restructured her course to promote student questioning and talk. Selection for Tuskless Elephants. In this activity, students work with authentic research data to explore the impact of poaching on African elephants. Most African elephants have tusks, but someabout 2 to 6% of females and even fewer malesnever grow them. It also made sense that tusklessnessa trait naturally found in a minority of the animals in Africawas apparently being artificially selected for because poachers had no reason to shoot such an animal. hb```f``z' B@QKm>%QXP^miq4YtnT50WS'.*^916SqKi"%df%IE400(wt@*06sx9 g! In this video Dr. Joyce Poole explains a possible reason. This activity explores images of elephants with and without tusks, which serve as phenomena for learning about selection and human impacts on the frequency of traits within populations. hb```lJB Description This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. %%EOF !: H3d -:Cg Zf d1 Gorongosa National Park, students will watch and answer questions about two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census to learn about poaching, and the entire Selection for Tuskless Elephants video to complete the rest of the activity. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. Provide evidence-based reasoning that uses available data to support a scientific claim. In this inquiry-based activity, students engage in science practices to figure out why some people with a genetic condition that usually leads to sickle cell disease do not have disease symptoms. %%EOF 6. Gathering the data to enable this key final step proved trickier than he expected, however. This film describes natural selection and adaptation in populations of rock pocket mice living in the American Southwest. Why Do Some People with the Sickle Cell Genotype Not Have Symptoms? Because tusks continuously grow throughout an elephants lifetime, and because males tusks weigh about seven times those of females, older males tended to be the first to go, followed by younger males and then older females. IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017). But why werent there any tuskless males?. %PDF-1.6 % HS-LS4-2, HS-LS4-3, HS-LS4-4, HS-LS4-5; SEP1, SEP5, SEP6, EVO-1.E, EVO-1.G, SYI-2.B, SYI-3.D; SP3, SP4, SP5, SP6, Topic(s): 2.1, 2.6, 9.10 The same high-quality resources are now available with new features, including a logged-in experience. Discover implementation ideas, lesson sequences, resource modifications, quick tips, and more in this collection of videos and in-depth articles. English; analyzing data on tuskless elephants biointeractive answer key. Online and in-person professional learning workshops led by educators. Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. What Poole found perplexing, though, was that tusklessness did not seem to affect males, despite the fact that they were poachers primary targets. Math.N-Q.A.1, Math.N-Q.A.3, Math.S-IC.3; MP2, MP3, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license, Why no tusks? Not all downloadable documents for the resource may be available in this format. Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, A Genetic Treatment for Sickle Cell Disease, Vertebrate Declines and the Sixth Mass Extinction, Learning Scientific Language with a Graphic Organizer. Ordered sequences of BioInteractive resources for teaching a course, unit, or lesson. This interactive module explores examples of how changes in one species can affect species at other trophic levels and ultimately the entire ecosystem. Hear how experienced science educators are using BioInteractive resources with their students. This interactive module explores the biology of sex determination and development in humans, set against the backdrop of the different sex testing policies implemented throughout sports history. Knowledge awaits. AQ` n& Its something I had puzzled over for so long, says Poole, co-founder and scientific director of ElephantVoices, a nonprofit science and conservation organization. 11{TO8+J1FOf%E%12Xbtb?S`8,A 7 \K(Dc6@ UJ The frequency of tusklessness, the team found, increased from about 18.5 percent before the war to 50.9 percent after. Watch the Selection for Tuskless Elephants video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. This video follows the work of researchers conducting the first census. Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephant www.BioInteractive.org Updated December 2021 Page 3 of 6 Activity Educator Materials ANSWER KEY PART 1: Information Gathering 1. Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. This pattern suggested to the researchers a sex-linked genetic origin for what they were seeing. 318 0 obj <>stream a. Most immune cells develop from stem cells in the bone marrow. Explain how characteristics associated with biological sex may affect athletic performance. This has left a notable gap in the literature that the new paper helps to fill. 6. Supply companies at data tuskless elephant analyzing data tuskless elephants answer key in his wife to analyze data and. Describe how biological sex and gender differ from each other. Keep up with the latest from BioInteractive! This interactive video explores how scientists identify which bat populations are infected with Nipah virus and could transmit the virus to humans. One type of evidence they use is genetic data. In this study, scientists used DNA profiling to determine where ivory seized from poachers had originated. These declines may be a part of Earths next mass extinction. +A,2k]lJ^G@R`Y0~8!CNC!MM5V_.0mLt(P1Gh9 k1]8Ay0 Ik@ +Xndi) g[! v0E H+1Q` d Many families lacked older femalesand many of those females had no tusks. Elephants with large tusks are targeted by poachers who sell the tusks on the ivory market. Scientists can use a variety of methods to survey an animal's range and population. Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. What did Dr. Joyce Poole observe about the elephant population in Gorongosa National . ea`|wC"bSfoxjtZ&T2(i+q,|:m!J@ dP6H EEH6~SlL.3a5, 2. This interactive module explores the biology of sex determination and development in humans, set against the backdrop of the different sex testing policies implemented throughout sports history. The study shows that tuskless male elephant offspring are not viable, meaning that population decline is accentuated, Pelletier says. Most African . As the researchers noted in their study, the generation born after the war had a 33 percent frequency of tusklessness, compared with a 51 percent frequency for the generation that survived the war. Campbell-Staton and his co-first author, Brian Arnold of Princeton, were able to join forces with the other researchers to collect blood samples from 18 femalessome with tusks and some withoutthat would meet the genomic requirements for the project. The video discusses how the frequency of certain traits in a population can change depending on the selective pressure and provides a possible example of natural selection driven by human activity. After making these observations, Campbell-Staton decided it was time to use a whole-genome analysis to pinpoint the potential genetic factors. Examples range from classic case studies, such as the peppered moths of the U.K. that changed their dominant wing color from mostly white to black during the industrial revolution, to lizards that are now evolving longer legs and feet with more grip to race up smooth city buildings. Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Moth Mimicry: Using Ultrasound to Avoid Bats. Answers may vary. This video follows ecologist Caitlin O'Connell-Rodwell, who is studying how elephants can communicate over long distances using low-frequency sounds that travel both in the air and through the ground. Articles that connect current events to BioInteractive resources. Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless.For more short films and resources on elephants, visit http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/elephants In females, mutations in a key gene on one of their X chromosomes seems to be responsible for tusklessness. Learn about the history of sex verification testing of athletes and the science behind the tests used. We know we have a lot of work to do to address racial inequities in science teaching. Watch the . The more killing there was, the more tuskless females you got. Poaching is artificially selecting for tuskless elephants who can better survive, mate, and pass on their genes to the next generation. This video presents an intriguing phenomenon: two patients who carry the same genetic variation, which is known to cause sickle cell disease, have very different outcomes. Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosomea genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Tuskless females, they found, had survived at a rate that was about five times higher than that of their tusked counterparts during the conflict. Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so one might expect strong natural selection for having tusks. If we keep the pressure off these elephants, the rate of tusklessness declines with each generation., Rachel Nuwer is a freelance science journalist and author who regularly contributes to Scientific American, the New York Times and National Geographic, among other publications. Nature, in this case at least, seems to be correcting itself. D is the correct answer A key challenge faced by flowering plants is dispersal: spreading offspring to a different location where they can grow into a new plant Howard hughes medical institute 2007 holiday lectures on science cells of the immune systemstudent worksheet answer the following questions as you proceed through the activity slides Published December . 415 0 obj <> endobj The following statement reflects our current and specific actions. Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. endstream endobj 416 0 obj <. An audio descriptive version of the film is available via our media player. Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. Only Meat: 19/129 * (100%) = 14.73% b. PART 2: Video Activity . Natural Selection Published October 2018 www.BioInteractive.org Page 3 of 6 Activity Student Handout Video Activity 7. To determine the traits prevalence after the conflict ended, she used a database of individual elephants that she and her husband and research partner Petter Granlialso a co-author of the new studyhad already built to study elephant behavior and communication. Look up the definition of the term poaching and summarize your understanding of what it means in the space below. In this article from professor Karen Avery, see how she uses this unassuming model organism to teach concepts in cellular biology and genetics. Biology 101 Spring 2020 Selection for Tuskless Elephants modified from HHMI BioInteractive PART I: Introduction and Pre-Video Activity A survey of African savanna elephants revealed that populations declined by 30% between 2007 and 2014. elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). A Famed Dolphin-Human Fishing Partnership Is in Danger of Disappearing, Vertebrates May Have Used Vocal Communication More Than 100 Million Years Earlier Than We Thought. video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. %%EOF This interactive module explores how different animals elephants, birds, and bats have evolved distinct ways of using sound to communicate. 254 0 obj <> endobj Posted on 11/01/2021 by 11/01/2021 by elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). But in males with no other X chromosome to fall back on, that mutation appears to cause death in the womb. Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. We were going to drive around at Gorongosa, spot an elephant, see if the elephant had tusks or not, wait for the elephant to poop and then collect its DNA, he says. The human immune system is made up of many cells, organs, and tissues. In population simulations, the researchers confirmed that it is extremely unlikely that tusklessness would have changed so drastically by chance alone. The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation, The Origin of Species: The Beak of the Finch, Combatting Problem Fatigue Using BioInteractive Case Studies in an AP Environmental Science Course, Exploring Regeneration Using The Planarian, Priming and Prioritizing Facilitated Discussions, Teaching About Infectious Diseases Using the 5E Model, Simplifying Case Studies Using Data Points, HHMI Expands Commitment to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion, New Online Professional Development Workshops, Introducing a new BioInteractive experience. Hhmi Biointeractive Answer Key. Anatomy & Physiology Scientific Skills & Literacy Click & Learn High School General High School AP/IB College Selection for Tuskless Elephants In this article, professor Phil Gibson discusses how he uses modified version of our Data Point activities as simplified case studies. 3. a. A new professional development academy focused on growing the HHMI BioInteractive Ambassador community and building professional learning leadership capacity in science education. Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Why no tusks? Most African elephants have tusks, but some never grow them especially in places that have a history of poaching, like Gorongosa National Park. View details . Create your free account or Sign in to continue. In particular, they often are missing their upper lateral incisorsthe anatomical equivalent of tusks in elephants. Campbell-Staton was just as perplexed by this as Poole had been, and he soon struck up a collaboration with her and other elephant ecologists. Poaching is selecting for tuskless elephants, which are more likely to survive, mate, and pass on their genes. Real science, real stories, and real data to engage students in exploring the living world. endstream endobj 255 0 obj <. Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so there is a strong natural selection for having tusks. Explain how the selective pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes. Students will then analyze data to investigate the impact of human activity, namely poaching, on elephant populations. Pooles observationswhich were used a few months later to support a ban on international ivory tradewere alarming, but they mostly made sense. 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