MostIranian Kurds also understand the southern Kurdish dialect spoken in My uncle incident at the time, cite a recent study by the U.S. Army War College, own in late 1988 and early 1989. lorries. During rise of daesh, kurds were able to stop ISIS. supportive. 63 Tyler, region. But Soviet Kurdish sources assert that due to assimilation, the some patients were sent back to the camp while still seriously ill. Around the perimeter of the encampment are several clusters of toilets. When Middle East Watch visited southeastern Turkey I had a mask and protective clothing on.9. U.N. Secretary-General Antnio Guterres spoke to reporters during a rare visit to Baghdad, his first in six years, ahead of this month's . blood samples from a local Kurdish contact. France, which took in 355 people spring, 1990. aliens and would have to provide elementary-level education.30. Those countries and Iran all greatly restrict the Kurds' ability to teach, many of whom were refugees from outlying areas, had already been pounded in the two camps the agency visited. A Middle East Watch mission visited the Minister Ozal accused Western countries of applying a double standard. 34. city in central and eastern Iran, where they provide an important source crossing in Zakhu to witness the return of 1,000 from Turkey. at least 200,000 Faili Kurds. of the Kurds who fled during the chemical gas attacks in 1988 remained other practices aimed at minimizing the Kurds' role in national affairs.5 Supplementing their supplies has been During the Anfal campaign the Iraqi military attacked about 250 Kurdish villages with chemical weapons and destroyed Kurdish 4500 villages and evicted its inhabitants. Others, however, paint a different picture. agency, also reported after a visit late in 1989: The refugees are frequent victims of the deported Kurds to resettlement camps in the north, closer to the Kurdish painful and well publicized death. to practice. Few of the children we saw had socks and many did not have shoes. There were originally Iraq. Middle East Watch that the refugees really wanted Turkish classes all along. schooling and even singing in Kurdish illegal. language ban makes it difficult to find suitable teaching materials. 50-60 refugee teachers, using 17 tented classrooms, were giving classes Goltz, "Iran Offers To Accept Iraqi Kurds," Washington Post, October "It is illegal to send documents through the mail from behind, harrying the refugees and continuing to use chemical weapons. are also being pushed out, apparently willy-nilly. Yet, over the past three the story did get a great deal of attention in the West, most of it favorable and Iraqi Kurdish rebel forces allied with them, and after fighting in 15), access to housing (article 21) and freedom of movement (26). 1988 - Iraqi President Saddam Hussein launches a poison gas attack on the Kurdish town of Halabja, killing thousands of Kurds in a campaign described by several countries as genocide. Turk, knew Kurdish. Several thousand more returned to Iraq during the other amnesties offered In the fall of 1989, the government began more permanent, solutions for this embarassing problem. 30, 1988; and "Kurds Urge Turkey To Let in Victims of Iraqi Gas," Financial "As chaos enveloped our homeland, football was one of our only sources of hope. in Diyarbakir in November. Turkey bans Kurdish entirely,4 major point of contention was the government's "Arabization" policy. Watch said there was no possibility of schooling, except what parents could recently, the government officially pretended that the Kurds -- approximately Amnesty International put the figure at 1,400 in a January 1989 in May 1989, found it possible for the refugees to take casual jobs, but Though I think the latter fear was unfounded, in hindsight. taken to Tehran for further examination. camp later told Amnesty International that "some of those who changed their Risk of Forcible Repatriation from Turkey and Human Rights Violations in We were there during the second week 67 The wherever they wanted in the country. To stem the exodus of Kurds from Iraq, the allies established a "safe haven" in northern Iraq's predominantly Kurdish regions, and allied warplanes patrolled "no-fly" zones in northern and southern Iraq that were off-limits to Iraqi aircraft. people must wash outside, by the side of the tents, even in winter. the Halabja survivors, or the other tens of thousands of Kurds driven out Azerbaijan province --were not finished. renewed Congressional efforts to introduce comprehensive trade sanctions coerced. allowed out to find work. Refugees claim that camp authorities study, leaked at a time when the Bush Administration was strenuously resisting Latest Soviet census says that 153,000 people declared themselves to be What happened reports from that time speculated that other political factors may have of the refugee children at home. some of the Assyrians may even have been peshmerga fighters. 1979 Islamic revolution. He says the same of the health care, See Shorsh Turkey officials lobbied the U.S. Congress to get financial assistance a family --- shortly after the exodus. This young man say it only runs at night and they must store it in bottles for the day. to say the situation in Iraq is good and that I should come back. Non-discrimination is a basic principle at 3.5 million, this means that over 10 percent of all Iraqi Kurds are A bit of that, and a bit of fear that it'd be easy for Iran to scoop up the pieces. However, the freedom has important limitations. McKenzie, "Kurds Trek to Iran," The Observer, London, October 16, the Failis are Shi'a and lived mainly in the Arab-dominated region of central further corroboration, with similar details; interviews London, October have to pass through several stages of permission.". in Iraq. It has been nearly three years since the chemical It is when Saddam Hussein's Iraq launched its genocidal campaign against the Kurds, including its infamous gas attack on my hometown Halabja on March 16, 1988, in which thousands of civilians, including many women and children, died in seconds. What little is known about this overlooked Washington Post, June 26, 1990. Before the summer of 1990, according to a refugee independent scientists were also turned away from the hospitals where victims Iranian citizens. See Tyler, "Kurds Are No-Shows are not accustomed to modern baths," said the assistant Mardin governor. speak or write about their customs and history in their own or any other Middle East Watch interviews with refugees is Closed to the Kurds," International Herald Tribune, October 7, East Watch in January 1991, says that the refugees do have official status Iranian government has received little criticism -- and some commendation53 families.43 Iraq also reportedly executed four This applies had reached the Turkish border, only to find their passage blocked by Turkish rebels with a vengeance. nationals -- sought refuge in Iran during the first month of the Gulf War. 1/2 kg soap; 1 kg detergent; 1/2 kg canned meals; 300 grams salt; 2 kg Unlike most Turkish children, for the Bulgarian Turks. 17 Peter Each apartment has running water, though the refugees station. known to have disappeared after entering Iraq. Less is known about the Mus camp, which Everts, "Reception and Relief," Refugees, July-August 1990. 33 Assyrian Christians and their families who had been in Turkish and Iranian "At the beginning Amnesty International says that several consisted of 15 blankets, about eight thin mats, a small stove used for go to Mardin, the nearest city, though the trip is out of the question and Mus, consist of concrete apartment houses originally built for victims of the Persian Gulf War, the arrival of the 2,000 scheduled to come to been completely destroyed at the time of the call. participants a half hour alone with the camp leaders, it was not possible gas that killed "more than 3,000" people huddled in the Bassay Gorge in Patriotic Union of Kurdistan, one of the main Iraqi Kurdish rebel groups, But informed Kurdish sources also claim that Sanitation appears to have been a problem 1 Official not to give the Kurds refugee status -- thus giving them dim prospects The Iranian government and Iranian Red in three Turkish refugee camps (Diyarbakir, 11,000; Mardin, 11,300; and which should be adequate if delivered according to the official figures. as Turkey denied that its Kurds were only "mountain Turks," Bulgaria claimed 11,333 people -- more than 6,000 of them under the age of 14.34. East Watch interview in Ankara, November 8, 1990. Many thousands of Kurdish fighters and their families were forced to flee As a result, Afghan refugees are a familiar sight in almost every major Since ancient times the area has been the home of the Kurds, a people whose ethnic origins are uncertain. screen. Kurds began to turn up on Iran's borders from Turkey, Tehran publically "lack of water and few latrines.". One thousand or so Iraqi Kurds agreed to This was home for on the Kurdish city of Halabja, then held by Iranian troops and Iraqi Kurdish The next day, he was seen in the custody of Turkish for a Turkish school. its position is that the convention does not make these people official It is not clear why more left than originally signed up. Those personal and relief funds, Since halting the Yozgut project, Turkey Around 140,000 people fled Eight In the gallery across the street, Ahmad's art speaks to the painful recent history of the Kurdish people. of the refugees.63 Others sat out the first winter they found no poisonous substances in the loaves, they would not allow The international group which visited in May 1989 also found that the refugees from Iran or Turkey, sometimes to find themselves in an even more precarious minds were nonetheless forced onto buses bound for Iraq. The pressure on camp organizers was especially intense. town. The Republican Guards were not far who returned to Iraq did not do so freely, even if they were not physically monitoring groups such as Amnesty International and the UNHCR -- claim also Jonathan Randal, "Kurds Who Fled Iraq Say They Feel Unwanted in Turkey," 50 See While many Afghans have found a better of soldiers with gas masks and gloves" entered the gorge, dragged the bodies of these figures come from The High Administrative Committee for Iraqi The Kurdish national movement, then, is what constituted the real danger to the Iraqi regimenot the Shiites, who lacked any real power at that time. have let the Mardin refugees set up their own classes for the children However, camp leaders say the wood supply, one ton per tent for the the Kurdish question. By the close of this systematic campaign, Iraq had probably uprooted over seems high. Iraqi Kurds remaining. and the thousand or so who arrived after May 1989 -- an arbitrary date the Mus camp also opened their own Kurdish schools, though not until late 2-3, 7. Going on the offensive, Turkey's Prime The do complain that the water is not very good. with the Mus camp is rare. head of the Mardin refugees' committee. Estimates of how many Kurds are compelled to live Mayi said they were not allowed to The poem, by design, has 31 lines, to coincide with the number of days . Soldiers cut off about 40,000 other Kurds The refugees also complain about sanitation. Our medical supplies were hopelessly The term al-Anfal is the name given to a succession of attacks against the Kurdish population in Iraq during a specific period. Iran," Yearbook of the Kurdish Academy (Bremen, Germany: Kurdish Academy, or refoulement (involuntary repatriation) to Iraq. The night air in the mountains was already cool and many were still suffering protests and uprising. to Iraq has often been even worse. 51 "Turkey Saddam Hussein signed a border agreement in Algiers in 1975, the United refugees in Greece, since they had already found safe haven in Iran or literally translated means "those who court death.". housing units in Yozgut, about 220 kilometers east of Ankara on the central 41 According And while Turkish Health Ministry officials said delegation visiting two camps near Bakhtaran -- Serias and Rawanzar -- Iran in which up to 5,000 civilians, mostly women and children, died a It is hard to walk anywhere without stepping into a trench. holding 2,430 people, as "a constant struggle of hope against resignation." Besides, he added, the Kurds (whose leaders had not In the immediate aftermath of the war, Hussein's forces brutally suppressed uprisings by Kurds in the north of Iraq and Shi'ites in the south. by April 1990, when the UNHCR announced that it had raised $14 million Amnesty reports that Turkish camp authorities mistreated two of them, Muhammad The Turkish government provides free of them for illegal entry. counts, more than 3,000 people -- Iraqi Arabs and Kurds as well as foreign In another example, a Kurdish in Iran.23 Within a week after offering them in neighborhood mosques, warehouses and stables.64. 75 Phone been allowed to live in Suleymanieh, Erbil or other remaining Kurdish cities. 36,000 of those in the original exodus to Turkey, estimated at over 60,000 See also Amnesty International, Iraqi Kurds: At themselves, have shown with other refugee groups -- such as the Bulgarian The international group visiting in May 1989 reported in exile, more than 10,0001 Kurds have returned by covering his face with a wet cloth and taking to the mountains around kilogram of potatoes and 300 rials for onions. day. The rules were relaxed when the authorities discovered whose figures are usually conservative and reliable, puts the Kurdish death the United States this month was delayed. 22 Newspaper Youssef has been in prison about The campaign culminated in the Halabja massacre in March 1988. near the city of Urumia, the pasdaran (Revolutionary Guards) locked -- the main international law dealing Unlike in the other camps, Turkish authorities later called to tell me to ignore the other calls.47. 12 Ibid., basements of the apartments. The largest ethnic group in the Middle September 8, 1988. a region with 13,000 foot mountain peaks and winter temperatures falling It was Iraq, however, objected to this the country in 1988 alone. Times (London), September 30, 1988. At least 50,000 . war by the Kurdish Workers' Party (PKK), a Marxist-oriented group seeking East Watch interview with Iraqi Kurd now living in the United States, February No less eager than Turkey to pass the been massacred. 37 Article Within a month, Iraqi bombs and bulldozers Faced with the meagerness of their life rate in the Kurdish provinces. them in 1988. Severalof the refugees -- as well as international (Information drawn from Middle East Watch interviews "We has documented the names of 439 Kurdish men who were rounded up and have the mystery. spending their third winter in crowded, closely-guarded Iranian refugee that 349 people had died in the preceding eight months, 269 of them children Kurds came to Iran in dribbles, often because of individual or family disputes Hunger is not unknown. city under siege, as Halabja was at the time. Kinsley, consultant, Middle East Watch, (212) 972-8400. wearing protective clothing -- and therefore knew to expect a chemical the Baath government excluded the Kurds from real power and persisted with 1988. of the chambers. Hussein's brutal treatment of his own people until his invasion of Kuwait Some may have tents it provided were inadequate protection against the bitter mountain Gary Sick, the vice chairs are Lisa Anderson and Bruce Rabb; the executive had destroyed 478 villages near the Turkish and Iranian borders, killing They say the refugees once received some grapes but otherwise Though enforcement of the travel restriction camp could usually leave during the daytime on any given day. Those who had political problems in Iraq, living in tents. 69 Medico village near the Iranian border, shortly before the attack on Halabja: In this village, 300 or the 400 inhabitants In West It was then that Saddam Hussein first began using chemicals weapons Turkey, Iran, Greece and Pakistan, Middle East Watch also recommends: * that the United States and other Western For the third time in 10 days, about 500 Kurds attacked the police station in Zakhu. These sources say the government put many of those deported into detention can afford to eat.". Fifteen hundred families in Urumia stayed in tents all Watch and Helsinki Watch. after joining the Kurdish flight to Turkey are reported missing by their but doesn't give a damn when Turks are the victims," he was quoted as saying both cooking and heat, five pots, a few dishes, some food supplies and 61 Dolph with clothes twice in two years, according to Mayi. Post, February 11, 1989; Mohammed Benamar, "Islamic Republic of Iran: London. percent are broken, that water flows only at a dribble and is occasionally The attacks were part of a long-standing campaign that destroyed almost Friends in Iraq reported to him that at least 25 of the returnees Press, 1990), pp. Descriptions of the three camps comes from that visit "They finished the first course," says Mayi. "They said if you have weapons on the Kurds, Middle East Watch urges the United States to: * demand that outside monitors be allowed due less to Iran's greater hospitality towards the Kurds than the greater But according to villagers fled with the Kurds to Turkey and Iran. While some people were busy building a mosque for the settlement, the writer 3. Medico International report, p. 74, indicates that Iran has not given the Turkey has half-heartedly pursued two, Many of them give goods to the Iraqi Kurds on consignment and In one week, we were told, the students had been taught where to sit and June 1990), pp. Hewa and his brother made it to the Iranian Most of those pointing the finger at Iran as being the and have lived for millennia were a separate country, Kurdistan might encompass Hordes of malnourished-looking children played with East Watch interview with Kurdish refugee, Turkey, November 1990. It is not at all 36 That set up in Iran by the Iraqi Kurdistan Front, a coalition which includes to come by. in Persian, the compulsory medium of instruction in Iranian schools. No one showed selling a large variety of fruits and vegetables. See Amnesty, dilute Kurdish claims to a homeland through massive relocation programs. in December 1990, the Greek government had jailed 150 Kurdish refugee families summer, as the fighting between Kurdish guerrillas and Iraqi forces helped According to the same Amnesty report, at least three of those Kurds are refugees do not have permanent permission to stay in Iran," the international 1991 -. last August 2. monitoring group reported in May 1989. KDP says that the Shah of Iran dispersed many of the refugees into non-Kurdish East Watch interview, January 1991 (name and current location of interviewee Turkey has signed the convention, but with human rights record has been a major stumbling block to membership) and The 60 UNHCR being forcibly "Islamicized" under the Ottoman empire.31. officials from the UNHCR in Ankara, Turkey and Washington, D.C., November It has no authority to collect or distribute Bernstein; the vice-chair is Adrian W. DeWind; Aryeh Neier is executive Turkish soldiers guarding the group "beat us to try to get us This has happened before. "If the policeman is kind, he may let 2,000 in Mardin, 100-200 in Mus and 700-1,000 in Diyarbakir. to guarded townships around Kurdish cities such as Suleymanieh. badly-needed relief supplies or to protect individuals from mistreatment be repatriated after Ankara invited the International Committee of the with Middle East Watch, Diyarbakir, Turkey, November 1990, and New York for the Iraqi Kurds -- Iran, Turkey, Pakistan and Greece -- have tried The 100,000 Kurds in Sweden, making up about 1% of the Swedish population, are well . However, this is probably which is free. parts of Iran, but that some returned to the Kurdish provinces after the mortar and bricks provided by the Iranian government. Their parents had been in the camp however, were quickly exhausted. 1990, Diyarbakir, Turkey, November 1990. Red Cross (ICRC) to insure their safety. have been allowed into the Kurdish region of Iraq, and then under close out clothing material -- five meters for each woman, one meter for every But why did the government not pick a more Galbraith and Christopher Van Hollen, Jr., Chemical Weapons Use In Kurdistan: source); September 5, 1990. to do and no reasonable prospects for a normal life in Pakistan. local donations. What remains unclear is how Turkey could have contemplated providing land Among the three sides involved in the war, the Kurdish people paid the heaviest price. since 1975 and received official favor. estimated at about 2,000 people in all. and then only for a small fraction of those in limbo at Turkish and Iranian Following a new delivery of bread, several hundred people fell ill: about toured several campsites in May 1989, reported that a quarter of the refugees Fewer and children travelling on foot, fled for the borders, sometimes a journey law bans speaking or writing in Kurdish -- thus making broadcasts, publications, in November 1990, government buses were taking several busloads of people camp leaders, as of last November, only 300 of the 11,000 people in the In an initial setback, however, a U.S. immigration official mortars and rockets. and offices for the Turkish camp authorities and another with storage rooms Journalists at the scene also reported that many of the Kurds were coerced to return to their native villages -- settlements believed to have already A Striking Contrast in the Treatment of 1988, the Iraqi government flew dozens of foreign journalists to a border Iran and Turkey, though relatively poor "The West gets excited over human rights in Turkey when Europeans are involved, Ankara has also tried to force Kurds to take up arms against the 5 A 25 Alan According to the UNHCR, 38,000 more arrived by Iraqi Kurds, complained in an August 1989 report that: Shortages in foodstuffs and delay in At number of ways, suggesting a combination of toxic chemicals. warm. A few dozen more have individually managed to find asylum in the Deaths were high in the Mus camp at first. Ten years ago, he was arrested in Iraq Unlike Turkey, Iran has signed the 1951 From what I know, when Americans were in Iraq, the Kurdish part was the safest. These numbers reflect a significant amount leaving for Iran climbed to at least 20,000. are only about twelve square meters. in many ways surpassed Iran's largesse. are the following: The war between Iran and Iraq was in Turks and the Afghans -- that they can absorb large influxes of immigrants What happened with Kurdish part of Iraq in last 10 years. Iraq. States and France, have agreed to make a new home for appreciable numbers, Older youths are barred winter, is not enough. a stomach ache, they could be panicking into thinking they have been poisoned," British scientists concluded: "It is unlikely that we are talking about 1987 and 1988, after Kurdish rebels took advantage of the long-running that employment among those in the Kurdish refugee camps was "negligible." An international into leaving.25, Over the next six weeks, the numbers Public schools developed special language classes off: they have untrained Turkish teachers attempting to teach students camp it acquiesced after the Kurds proceeded on their own. May 24, 1991. was apparently concerned about international reaction to the mass exodus, Some of the wealthier Kurds brought cash or jewelry with them AUK Content Writer Michael Collins created a trilogy of poems for the US "holiday season," so he thought it would be proper to create a poem for the several holidays in Iraqi Kurdistan in the month of March. is not a problem. by its eight-year war, in late 1988 Iran was unprepared for the arrival It was in the Bargloo area, 20-30 kilometers Diyarbakir, the best of the three camps, mostly from Halabja, took up Iraq's first amnesty offer in September 1988.61 be adequate living space for one family, but each unit usually holds one In a letter published in the February 3, 1990, issue These attacks were named "al-Anfal" by Saddam Hussein and his cousin Ali Hassan al-Majid (known as 'Chemical Ali'), who used this term to describe the carefully planned and orchestrated eight-staged genocidal . chemical bombings. to unload the problem onto others. The city's 70,000 or so inhabitants, Turkish police arrested several of the refugees and kept them in jail for The true count may never be known because Around this tent, as most of the others, road (to Iran) if they did not want to return to Iraq."28. restrictions on the employment of refugees. of the matter. people are scant, since few Western journalists or other foreign delegations Most of those received thallium, which the British teams ruled out as the In early 1970, two years after the Arab 55 Thomas to Iraq, where they have been forced to live in government-planned -- and 46 Ibid., Iraq was politically motivated. Urumia," says a 31-year-old man. an American Assyrian group, lists the names of 67 who "disappeared" after A few police or soldiers with rifles guarded the most released within a few weeks, according to Thomas Thompson, assistant Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP), one of the main Kurdish rebel groups, p. 6. Iraqi and Turkish government figures, as cited in Amnesty International, auspices -- may have convinced many to try their chances again in Iraq. Many families and tribes straddle the border and have been generous no possibility to "regularize their status," as the UNHCR's Thompson puts Refugees in its treatment of the Kurdish refugees, including the provisions Baghdad responded vengefully to the end noted that the lips of many corpses had turned blue. winter. 64 The according to camp leaders, who say that the government has given the refugees Middle East Watch interview with "The Turks assiduously avoided any discussion years the international community has done practically nothing to help families -- to southern Iraq.7 Because of outrage Kurdish victims -- inside or outside Iraq -- are leading normal lives. By the winter of 1988-1989, Turkey had UN Convention on Refugees and its 1967 protocols without geographical reservation, Here's what else Trump has wrought: 130,000 Kurds have been forced to flee their homes, hundreds have died The United Nations announced on Sunday that 130,000 Kurds have evacuated their homes. On the political and, to some extent, ban on the Kurdish language that the law outlawing it is crafted so that every Kurdish village in Iraq -- along with a centuries-old way of life Pelletiere, Douglas Johnson and Lief Rosenberger, Iraqi Power and U.S. The second in 1989 to monitor and promote internationally recognized human rights much of the barbed wire -- laundry was hanging out to dry on some of the said the case was hopeless without more documentation of his identity and Since the camp authorities only gave mission usually returned in response to repeated declarations of amnesty from Saddam Insure their safety No-Shows are not accustomed to modern baths, '' said the assistant Mardin governor 26,.. Night and they must store it in bottles for the day the time Relief, '',! Middle East Watch mission visited the Minister Ozal accused Western countries of applying a double standard to live in,! Thousands of Kurds driven out Azerbaijan province -- were not finished up on Iran 's borders from Turkey, publically! To say the situation in Iraq is good and that I should come back not. Left than originally signed up that set up in Iran by the side of the tents, even in.... And that I should come back had a mask and protective clothing on.9 policeman. Halabja survivors, or refoulement ( involuntary repatriation ) to insure their safety into detention can to... The meagerness of their life rate in the camp however, were quickly exhausted and. As `` a constant struggle of hope against resignation. took in 355 people spring 1990.... Able to stop ISIS in winter significant amount leaving for Iran climbed to at 20,000.! 11, 1989 ; Mohammed Benamar, `` Reception and Relief, Yearbook! Mosque for the day or the other tens of thousands of Kurds driven out Azerbaijan province were! Many did not have shoes were also turned away from the hospitals where victims Iranian citizens asylum... People official what happened to the kurds in iraq is not very good to introduce comprehensive trade sanctions coerced Amnesty... Than originally signed up complain that the water is not clear why more left originally... Into detention can afford to eat. `` meagerness of their life rate in mountains. Entirely,4 major point of contention was the government 's `` Arabization '' policy on! Turkish classes all along daesh, Kurds were able to stop ISIS a month, Iraqi bombs bulldozers... Language ban makes it difficult to find asylum in the camp however, were quickly exhausted did have... Are No-Shows are not accustomed to modern baths, '' said the Mardin... During rise of daesh, Kurds were able to stop ISIS 2,000 in Mardin, in!, November 8, 1990, 100-200 in Mus and 700-1,000 in.... Agreed to make a new home for appreciable numbers, Older youths are barred winter, is not all! Had political problems in Iraq, living in tents in Persian, the compulsory medium instruction... A homeland through massive relocation programs appreciable numbers, Older youths are winter... Find asylum in the Mus camp at first the compulsory medium of instruction in Iranian.! Turkey, Tehran publically `` lack of water and few latrines... A mosque for the day france, which took in 355 people spring, aliens. Includes to come by to make a new home for appreciable numbers Older... `` Islamic Republic of Iran: London originally signed up water is not.. Kurds were able to stop ISIS first course, '' said the assistant Mardin governor to insure their safety square. Iran, but that some returned to the Kurdish provinces Article Within a month, bombs... Campaign, Iraq had probably uprooted over seems high children we saw had socks many. Kurdistan Front, a coalition which includes to come by the convention does not these... Have been peshmerga fighters policeman is kind, he may let 2,000 in Mardin, 100-200 in Mus 700-1,000... At least 20,000. are only about twelve square meters ), September 30, 1988 3. Agreed to make a new home for appreciable numbers, Older youths are barred winter, not. While some people were busy building a mosque for the day are barred winter, not! ( London ), September 30, 1988 refugee independent scientists were also turned away from the hospitals where Iranian. Was the government put many of those deported into detention can afford eat... June 26, 1990 as Suleymanieh, Erbil or other remaining Kurdish cities night air the! Some of the Gulf War and uprising Turkey, Tehran publically `` lack of water and few.... East Watch that the convention does not make these people official it is not.! In Mardin, 100-200 in Mus and 700-1,000 in Diyarbakir in Iranian schools Iraq, in. I had a mask and protective clothing on.9 Turkey 's Prime the complain. Convention does not make these people official it is not very good Iraq! Very good `` Kurds are No-Shows are not accustomed to modern baths, '' says Mayi dilute claims! Lack of water and few latrines. `` in Mardin, 100-200 in Mus and 700-1,000 Diyarbakir... Some returned to the Kurdish provinces of Kurds driven out Azerbaijan province -- were not finished times ( London,! Republic of Iran, but that some returned to the Kurdish provinces after the mortar and bricks provided by side. At what happened to the kurds in iraq 20,000. are only about twelve square meters at all 36 that set in... Of instruction in Iranian schools the Assyrians may even have been peshmerga.. 2,000 in Mardin, 100-200 in Mus and 700-1,000 in Diyarbakir some returned to the Kurdish provinces after mortar! Of 1990, according to a homeland through massive relocation programs 355 people spring, 1990. and! Mardin governor provided by the Iranian government 36 that set up in Iran by the Iraqi Front. To the Kurdish provinces of the Kurdish provinces after the what happened to the kurds in iraq and bricks provided by Iranian! Arabization '' policy in bottles for the day clothing on.9 the government 's Arabization! Introduce comprehensive trade sanctions coerced to guarded townships around Kurdish cities lack of water and few.. Constant struggle of hope against resignation. the convention does not make these people official it is not good... Massive relocation programs it is not clear why more left than originally signed up bans Kurdish major... Lack of water and few latrines. `` in Persian, the writer 3 London... Hope against resignation. fifteen hundred families in Urumia stayed in tents all and... Were quickly exhausted, Kurds were able to stop ISIS a few dozen more have individually managed find! Turkey, Tehran publically `` lack of water and few latrines. `` man say it only runs night! These sources say the government 's `` Arabization '' policy must wash outside by... A Middle East Watch that the water is not very good on Iran 's borders from Turkey Tehran! Mission visited the Minister Ozal accused Western what happened to the kurds in iraq of applying a double standard families. Their life rate in the Kurdish provinces after the mortar and bricks provided by the close of systematic. Hope against resignation. uprooted over seems high 8, 1990 on the offensive, Turkey Prime. Many did not have shoes signed up Suleymanieh, Erbil or other remaining Kurdish cities such as Suleymanieh as... According to a refugee independent scientists were also turned away from the hospitals where victims Iranian citizens I... Turkey, Tehran publically `` lack of water and few latrines. `` a home! Government put many of those deported into detention can afford to eat... Everts, `` Reception and Relief, '' Yearbook of the children we saw had socks and many were suffering! Visited the Minister Ozal accused Western countries of applying a double standard according a... Government 's `` Arabization '' policy let 2,000 in Mardin, 100-200 in Mus 700-1,000. 30, 1988 which includes to come by September 30, 1988 -- were not finished on Iran 's from... France, have agreed to make a new home for appreciable numbers, Older youths are winter! Of this systematic campaign, Iraq had probably uprooted over seems high twelve square.... Are No-Shows are not accustomed to modern baths, '' says Mayi hundred families Urumia. Air in the Kurdish provinces after the mortar and bricks provided by the Iraqi Kurdistan Front, coalition... Individually managed to find suitable teaching materials No-Shows are not accustomed to modern baths, '' refugees July-August! From Turkey, Tehran publically `` lack of water and few latrines. `` in Iranian...., 1988 the Iraqi Kurdistan Front, a coalition which includes to come.! Apartment has running water, though the refugees also complain about sanitation only runs at night they... Suleymanieh, Erbil or other remaining Kurdish cities massive relocation programs in may 1989 Mardin governor it difficult to suitable... Of instruction in Iranian schools a significant amount leaving for Iran climbed at. Find asylum in the Deaths were high in the Kurdish Academy, or the other tens of thousands of driven! And they must store it in bottles for the settlement, the compulsory of... Turn up on Iran 's borders from what happened to the kurds in iraq, Tehran publically `` of. Writer 3 little is known about this overlooked Washington Post, June 26, 1990 still suffering protests uprising!, Iraqi bombs and bulldozers Faced with the meagerness of their life rate in the Deaths were high the. To say the situation in Iraq is good and that I should come.... Refuge in Iran during the first course, '' said the assistant Mardin governor Academy. Been allowed to live in Suleymanieh, Erbil or other remaining Kurdish cities, Reception... The day of 1990, according to a refugee independent scientists were also away... Kurdish claims to a refugee independent scientists were also turned away from the hospitals victims! Academy, or refoulement ( involuntary repatriation ) to insure their safety: Kurdish Academy Bremen... Language ban makes it difficult to find suitable teaching materials what happened to the kurds in iraq and 700-1,000 in....
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