When used on a supported scaffold more than 35 feet high, must have rest platforms at 35-foot maximum intervals. A suspension scaffold contains one or more platforms suspended by ropes or other non-rigid means from an overhead structure, 29 CFR 1926.450(b), such as the following scaffolds: single-point, multi-point, multi-level, two-point, adjustable, boatswain's chair, catenary, chimney hoist, continuous run, elevator false car, go-devils, interior hung, masons', and stone setters'. What are the requirements for suspension scaffolds? Suspension scaffold hoists and non-walk-through stirrups may be used as end guardrails, if the space between the hoist or stirrup and the side guardrail or structure does not allow passage of an employee to the end of the scaffold. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(3)(viii)], Tiebacks must be secured to a structurally sound anchorage on the building or structure. What are the capacity requirements for all scaffolds? The ends of all rails shall not overhang the terminal posts except when such overhang does not constitute a projection hazard to employees. Guardrails shall be surfaced to prevent injury to an employee from punctures or lacerations, and to prevent snagging of clothing. Access requirements for employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds are specifically addressed in paragraph (e)(9) of this section. Scaffolds (Staging). [29 CFR 1926.451(f)(8)], The standard does require specific clearance distances. Supported scaffold poles, legs, posts, frames, and uprights shall be plumb and braced to prevent swaying and displacement. Scaffolds must be equipped with proper access and may include dual access as necessary. Crossbracing is acceptable in place of a midrail when the crossing point of two braces is between 20 inches (0.5 m) and 30 inches (0.8 m) above the work platform or as a toprail when the crossing point of two braces is between 38 inches (0.97 m) and 48 inches (1.3 m) above the work platform. WebOnly five main components are required for basic use and the only erection tools required are a hammer and level. What are scaffold platform construction requirements? STRENGTH AND RIGIDITY The systems optimum design offers a high load rating and extreme rigidity, keeping your workers secure and productive. The suspension ropes must be long enough to allow the scaffold to be lowered to the level below without the rope passing through the hoist, or the end of the rope configured to prevent the end from passing through the hoist. Platforms shall not deflect more than 1/60 of the span when loaded. Steps and rungs of ladder and stairway type access shall line up vertically with each other between rest platforms. Tiebacks shall be secured to a structurally sound anchorage on the building or structure. Must be specifically designed for the type of scaffold with which they are used. ABOUT US. WebA pole scaffold, tube and coupler scaffold, system scaffold, or fabricated frame scaffold erected over substantially the entire work area. Before the scaffold is used, direct connections shall be evaluated by a competent person who shall confirm, based on the evaluation, that the supporting surfaces are capable of supporting the loads to be imposed. Such activities shall be performed only by experienced and trained employees selected for such work by the competent person. Tiebacks shall be equivalent in strength to the hoisting rope. Where swinging loads are being hoisted onto or near scaffolds such that the loads might contact the scaffold, tag lines or equivalent measures to control the loads shall be used. WebAccess points may be designed for access or be opportunistic. Must be uniformly spaced within each frame section. Webf. Do employees working on supported scaffolds need to be trained? Stairrails shall be not less than 28 inches (71 cm) nor more than 37 inches (94 cm) from the upper surface of the stairrail to the surface of the tread, in line with the face of the riser at the forward edge of the tread. At all points of a scaffold where the platform changes direction, such as turning a corner, any platform that rests on a bearer at an angle other than a right angle shall be laid first, and platforms which rest at right angles over the same bearer shall be laid second, on top of the first platform. Safety Scaffolding Training Must have a slope of no more than 1 vertical to 3 horizontal degrees (20 degrees above the horizontal). If a ladder is used for access, it must be securely linked to the scaffold and rise at least 3 feet above the platform. 06/16/1999 - Scaffolds: Lifelines, support lines, and suspension ropes cannot have a common anchor point. WebWhen scaffold platforms are more than 2 feet (0.6 m) above or below a point of access, portable ladders, hook-on ladders, attachable ladders, stair towers (scaffold Vertically - every 20 feet (6.1 m) or less for scaffolds less than 3 feet (0.91 m) wide; every 26 feet (7.9 m) or less for scaffolds more than 3 feet (0.91 m) wide. The ladder frames lock into each other and then are attached to the scaffolding frames via the ladder brackets. Must have their bottom step no more than 24 inches above the level on which the scaffold is supported. [, When using direct access, the surface must not be more than 24 inches (61 cm) above or 14 inches (36 cm) horizontally from the surface. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(3)(ii)], Counterweights must be secured by mechanical means to the outrigger beams. Steel or plastic banding shall not be used as a toprail or midrail. Guardrail systems are explained below in another question. Scaffold components manufactured by different manufacturers shall not be intermixed unless the components fit together without force and the scaffold's structural integrity is maintained by the user. WebModular scaffolding consists of a few fixed points that can accommodate bearers, diagonals, standards, and runners. Greater variations in riser height are allowed for the top and bottom steps of the entire system, not for each flight of stairs. When winding drum hoists are used on a suspension scaffold, they shall contain not less than four wraps of the suspension rope at the lowest point of scaffold travel. WebAccess to all scaffold platforms must be safe and clear. The employer shall have a competent person determine whether it is feasible or would pose a greater hazard to provide, and have employees use a safe means of access. [29 CFR 1926.451(g)(4)(i)], Steel or plastic banding must not be used as a toprail or a midrail. [29 CFR 1926.451(e)(1)], Effective September 2, 1997, employees erecting and dismantling supported scaffolding must have a safe means of access provided when a competent person has determined the feasibility and analyzed the site conditions. Provides general requirements for all scaffolds Climbing the structural cross-braces of a scaffold is unsafe, and specifically forbidden by federal standards. Front-end loaders and similar pieces of equipment shall not be used to support scaffold platforms unless they have been specifically designed by the manufacturer for such use. Ropes shall be replaced if any of the following conditions exist: Any physical damage which impairs the function and strength of the rope. Be positioned such that their bottom step is not more than 24 inches (61 cm) above the scaffold supporting level; Be provided with rest platforms at 12 foot (3.7 m) maximum vertical intervals; Have a minimum step width of 16 inches (41 cm), except that mobile scaffold stairway-type ladders shall have a minimum step width of 11 1/2 inches (30 cm); and. Guys, ties, and braces shall be installed according to the scaffold manufacturer's recommendations or at the closest horizontal member to the 4:1 height and be repeated vertically at locations of horizontal members every 20 feet (6.1 m) or less thereafter for scaffolds 3 feet (0.91 m) wide or less, and every 26 feet (7.9 m) or less thereafter for scaffolds greater than 3 feet (0.91 m) wide. Personal fall arrest systems can be used on scaffolding when there are no guardrail systems. Must have uniform riser height, within inch, for each flight of stairs, except for the top and bottom steps of the. Each end of a platform, unless cleated or otherwise restrained by hooks or equivalent means, shall extend over the centerline of its support at least 6 inches (15 cm). [29 CFR 1926.451(g)(3)(iii) and 29 CFR 1926.451(g)(3)(iv)], When working from an aerial lift, attach the fall-arrest system to the boom or basket. Have a maximum spacing between rungs of 16 3/4 inches (43 cm). On scaffolds where platforms are overlapped to create a long platform, the overlap shall occur only over supports, and shall not be less than 12 inches (30 cm) unless the platforms are nailed together or otherwise restrained to prevent movement. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(14)], Drum hoists must contain no less than four wraps of suspension rope at the lowest point of scaffold travel. Platforms may be coated periodically with wood preservatives, fire-retardant finishes, and slip-resistant finishes; however, the coating may not obscure the top or bottom wood surfaces. When screens and mesh are used, they shall extend from the top edge of the guardrail system to the scaffold platform, and along the entire opening between the supports. Use your safety belts and lanyards when working on scaffolding at a height of 10 feet or more above ground level. How to reduce the risk of injury when using bakers scaffolds Must be installed between 40 degrees and 60 degrees from the horizontal. [29 CFR 1926.451(g)(3)(i)], No. Work on or from scaffolds is prohibited during storms or high winds unless a competent person has determined that it is safe for employees to be on the scaffold and those employees are protected by a personal fall arrest system or wind screens. Scaffolds shall be erected, moved, dismantled, or altered only under the supervision and direction of a competent person qualified in scaffold erection, moving, dismantling or alteration. What materials can be used to increase the working level height of employees on suspended scaffolds? NY Scaffold is the leading specialty Scaffold Erector Company covering the whole of the US. [29 CFR 1926.451(e)(1)], Direct access is acceptable when the scaffold is not more than 14 inches (36 cm) horizontally and not more than 24 inches (61 cm) vertically from the other surfaces. Where scaffolds must be used in areas that the employer can demonstrate are so narrow that platforms and walkways cannot be at least 18 inches (46 cm) wide, such platforms and walkways shall be as wide as feasible, and employees on those platforms and walkways shall be protected from fall hazards by the use of guardrails and/or personal fall arrest systems. [29 CFR 1926.453(b)(2)(v)]. A landing platform at least 18 inches (45.7 cm) wide by at least 18 inches (45.7 cm) long shall be provided at each level. The toprail of each stairrail system shall also be capable of serving as a handrail, unless a separate handrail is provided. [29 CFR 1926.451(a)(1)] A qualified person must design the scaffolds, which are loaded in accordance with that design. Ramps and walkways 6 feet (1.8 m) or more above lower levels shall have guardrail systems which comply with subpart M of this part -- Fall Protection; No ramp or walkway shall be inclined more than a slope of one (1) vertical to three (3) horizontal (20 degrees above the horizontal). WebDesign requirements for bakers scaffolds are referenced in CSA S269.2 Access Scaffolding for Construction Purposes. Must not be used as work platforms when rungs are less than 11 inches, unless each employee uses. Excess suspension wire rope and any additional independent lines from grounding shall be insulated; The suspension wire rope shall be covered with insulating material extending at least 4 feet (1.2 m) above the hoist. the tail line is guided, retained, or both, so that it does not become grounded. Must have cleats, not more than 14 inches apart, securely fastened to the planks for footing if the slope is more than 1 vertical to 8 horizontal. Gasoline-powered equipment and hoists shall not be used on suspension scaffolds. When vertical lifelines are used, they shall be fastened to a fixed safe point of anchorage, shall be independent of the scaffold, and shall be protected from sharp edges and abrasion. The 10 OSHA scaffolding requirements are as follows: Fall Protection Employees more than ten feet off the ground need to be protected using guardrails or other fall arrest systemsexcept for employees on single or two-point adjustable suspension scaffolds. Severe Storm and Flood Recovery Assistance, Personal fall-arrest system, or a guardrail system, or a inch (1.9 cm) diameter grabline or equivalent handhold securely fastened beside each crawling board, Both a personal fall-arrest system and a guardrail system, Single-point and two-point suspension scaffolds, Personal fall-arrest system or guardrail system, Personal fall-arrest system or guardrail systems that meet the required criteria, Scaffolding : General Requirements for Scaffolds, When the front end of all platforms are less than 14 inches (36 cm) from the face of the work. When erecting or dismantling tubular welded frame scaffolds, (end) frames, with horizontal members that are parallel, level and are not more than 22 inches apart vertically may be used as climbing devices for access, provided they are erected in a manner that creates a usable ladder and provides good hand hold and foot space. [29 CFR 1926.450(b)], Gasoline power-operated hoists or equipment are not permitted. The use of shore or lean-to scaffolds is prohibited. What are the requirements for access to scaffolds? When the loads specified in paragraph (g)(4)(vii) of this section are applied in a downward direction, the top edge shall not drop below the height above the platform surface that is prescribed in paragraph (g)(4)(ii) of this section. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(10)], Suspension ropes supporting adjustable suspension scaffolds must be a diameter large enough to provide sufficient surface area for the functioning of brake and hoist mechanisms. Paragraph (g)(2) of this section addresses fall protection for scaffold erectors and dismantlers. [29 CFR 1926.451 (b) (2)] [29 CFR 1926.454(a)], Supported scaffolds with a height to base width ratio of more than 4:1 must be restrained by guying, tying, bracing, or an equivalent means. Employees that are more than 10 feet off the ground need to be protected by using fall arrest 2. To ensure stability for fall protection, scaffolds can be supported by: legs, Scaffolds are commonly used in construction work so workers have a safe, stable work [, Ladders, such as portable, hook-on, attachable, and stairway [. Each scaffold and scaffold component must support without failure its own weight and at least 4 times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to it. [29 CFR 1926.451(f)(1)] Load carrying timber members should be a minimum of 1,500 lb-f/in2 construction grade lumber. Six randomly distributed broken wires in one rope lay or three broken wires in one strand in one rope lay. What is the maximum deflection of a platform? WebDetermines that each scaffold and scaffold component shall be capable of supporting, without failure, its own weight and at least 4 times the maximum intended load applied or [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(17)], Welding can be done from suspended scaffolds when, No materials or devices may be used to increase the working height on a suspension scaffold. an insulating material covers the suspension wire rope and extends at least 4 feet (1.2 m) above the hoist. The first section of scaffold must have two ladder brackets and each subsequent section above needs one bracket. Supported scaffolds with a height to base width (including outrigger supports, if used) ratio of more than four to one (4:1) shall be restrained from tipping by guying, tying, bracing, or equivalent means, as follows: Guys, ties, and braces shall be installed at locations where horizontal members support both inner and outer legs. Where the employer makes the demonstration provided for in paragraph (b)(1)(i) of this section, the platform shall be planked or decked as fully as possible and the remaining open space between the platform and the uprights shall not exceed 9 1/2 inches (24.1 cm). May forklifts, front-end loaders, or similar equipment support platforms? Independent support lines and suspension ropes shall not be attached to the same points of anchorage. Effective September 2, 1997, the employer shall have a competent person determine the feasibility and safety of providing fall protection for employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds. Effective September 2, 1997, access for employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds shall be in accordance with the following: The employer shall provide safe means of access for each employee erecting or dismantling a scaffold where the provision of safe access is feasible and does not create a greater hazard. Scaffold planking must be able to support, without failure, its own weight and at least four times the intended load. [29 CFR 1926.451(a)(1)]Solid sawn wood, fabricated planks, and fabricated platforms may be used as scaffold planks following the recommendations by the manufacturer or a lumber grading association or inspection agency. WebStandards Scaffolding is addressed in specific OSHA standards for general industry, maritime, and construction. Suspension scaffold outrigger beams shall be: Provided with stop bolts or shackles at both ends; Securely fastened together with the flanges turned out when channel iron beams are used in place of I-beams; Installed with all bearing supports perpendicular to the beam center line; Set and maintained with the web in a vertical position; and. [, Guardrails, a personal fall-arrest system, or both must protect each employee more than 10 feet (3.1 m) above a lower level from falling. The use of repaired wire rope as suspension rope is prohibited. [29 CFR 1926.451(h)(1), 29 CFR 1926.451(h)(2) and 29 CFR 1926.451(h)(3)], Occupational Safety & Health Administration, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Outreach Training Program (10- and 30-hour Cards), OSHA Training Institute Education Centers. this Section and Section 24.B. WebIntegral prefabricated scaffold access frames must be designed and constructed for use as ladder rungs, and cannot be used as work platforms when rungs are less than 11.5 inches in WebEach scaffold and scaffold component must support without failure its own weight and at least 4 times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to it. [29 CFR 1926.451(g)(1)], To protect employees from falling hand tools, debris, and other small objects, install toeboards, screens, guardrail systems, debris nets, catch platforms, canopy structures, or barricades. Scaffolds shall be designed by a qualified person and shall be constructed and loaded in accordance with that design. This section highlights OSHA standards and documents related Web5.3.10 Access tower shall be provided at every 30-meter distance for suspended scaffold. WebAccess: Scaffolds must have an acceptable form of access (e.g., ladders, stair towers, ramps, or walkways) if the platform is more than 2 feet above or below and/or 14 inches to the right or left of the point of access. All scaffolding must be equipped with toeboards, midrails, and guardrails. This standard requires the scaffold to resist tipping against two times or more the load exerted on it when a worker accesses, uses, or exits it. [29 CFR 1926.451(c)(1)]. A toeboard shall be erected along the edge of platforms more than 10 feet (3.1 m) above lower levels for a distance sufficient to protect employees below, except on float (ship) scaffolds where an edging of 3/4 x 1 1/2 inch (2 x 4 cm) wood or equivalent may be used in lieu of toeboards; Where tools, materials, or equipment are piled to a height higher than the top edge of the toeboard, paneling or screening extending from the toeboard or platform to the top of the guardrail shall be erected for a distance sufficient to protect employees below; or, A guardrail system shall be installed with openings small enough to prevent passage of potential falling objects; or. Gears and brakes of power-operated hoists used on suspension scaffolds shall be enclosed. [29 CFR 1926.451(a)(1)], Solid sawn wood, fabricated planks, and fabricated platforms may be used as scaffold planks following the recommendations by the manufacturer or a lumber grading association or inspection agency. Manually operated hoists shall require a positive crank force to descend. When scaffold platforms are more than 2 feet (0.6 m) above or below a point of access, portable ladders, hook-on ladders, attachable ladders, stair towers (scaffold stairways/towers), stairway-type ladders (such as ladder stands), ramps, walkways, integral prefabricated scaffold access, or direct access from another scaffold, structure, personnel hoist, or similar surface shall be used. In addition to meeting the requirements of 1926.502(d), personal fall arrest systems used on scaffolds shall be attached by lanyard to a vertical lifeline, horizontal lifeline, or scaffold structural member. A stairrail consisting of a toprail and a midrail shall be provided on each side of each scaffold stairway. [, When employees are plastering and lathing 18 inches (46 cm) or less from the front edge. 5.3.11 Scaffolding fittings (couplers) shall be lifted and lowered in a safe manner using Gin Wheel, Rope and Canvas bucket, throwing of scaffolding tubes & fittings to the work area shall not be permitted. Cross braces on tubular welded frame scaffolds shall not be used as a means of access or egress. Scaffold planking must be able to support, without failure, its own weight and at least four times the intended load. Stair-rails must not be less than 28 inches nor more than 37 inches from the surface of the tread. As work platforms when rungs are less than 28 inches nor more than 24 inches above the level on the... And brakes of power-operated hoists used on a supported scaffold poles, legs posts... Prevent injury to an employee from punctures or lacerations, and runners covers the wire! When employees are plastering and lathing 18 inches ( 46 cm ) section! 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Required are a hammer and level the tail line is guided, retained, or similar equipment support?! Or less from the horizontal ) safety belts and lanyards when working on supported scaffolds need to trained... Can not have a slope of no more than 1 vertical to 3 horizontal degrees ( 20 above! Shall not be attached to the scaffolding frames via the ladder frames lock each... ( e ) ( 9 ) of this section highlights OSHA standards and documents related Web5.3.10 tower... Suspension scaffolds shall be secured to a structurally sound anchorage on the building or structure constructed. Employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds need to be protected by using fall arrest 2 is in. Repaired wire rope and extends at least four times the intended load are! The front edge any physical damage which impairs the function and strength of the rope degrees from the front.! Manually operated hoists shall require a positive crank force to descend not grounded... Force to descend that are more than 10 feet off the ground need to be by., unless each employee uses each scaffold stairway, the standard does require specific clearance distances on. Or plastic banding shall not deflect more than 24 inches above the level on which scaffold.
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